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The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Jun 2007
Topics: Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 17532402
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.03.032 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... 2004Bacterial endocarditis (BE) is a disease resulting from the association of morphological alterations of the heart and bacteraemia originating from different sources that...
Bacterial endocarditis (BE) is a disease resulting from the association of morphological alterations of the heart and bacteraemia originating from different sources that at times can be indiscernible (infectious endocarditis). It is classified on the basis of the morphological alteration involved, depending on the clinical manifestations and course of illness, which varies according to the causative microorganism and host conditions (for example, it is characteristic in I.V. drug users). The most common microorganisms involved are: Streptococcus viridans (55%), Staphylococcus aureus (30%), Enterococcus (6%) and HACEK bacteria (corresponding to the initials: Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella and Kingella), although on occasions it can also be caused by fungi. The oral microbiological flora plays a very important role in the aetiopathogenesis of BE, given that the condition may be of oral or dental origin. This paper will deal with the prevention of said bacteraemia. Prophylaxis will be undertaken using amoxicillin or clindamycin according to action protocols, with special emphasis placed on oral hygiene in patients with structural defects of the heart.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacteremia; Clindamycin; Dental Care for Chronically Ill; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Oral Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 15580136
DOI: No ID Found -
Swiss Medical Weekly Dec 2021To discuss first, the adequacy of the antibiotic prophylaxis regimen currently recommended for the prevention of infective endocarditis in periodontitis patients, and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To discuss first, the adequacy of the antibiotic prophylaxis regimen currently recommended for the prevention of infective endocarditis in periodontitis patients, and second, preventive measures to decrease the rate of bacteraemia after periodontal treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A bibliographic literature search identifying clinical trials between January 1990 and January 2021, focusing on microorganisms in bacteraemia after periodontal treatment and bacteria in infective endocarditis, was performed. Two reviewers independently identified and screened the literature by systematically searching in Medline/Premedline, EMBASE and Cochrane Library.
RESULTS
Two hundred and seventy articles were identified, of which twenty-three met the inclusion criteria. Bacteraemia rates after periodontal treatment ranged from 10-94% in the investigated patients. Mainly oral pathogens related to infective endocarditis, such as viridans group streptococci (up to 70%) and HACEK group pathogens (e.g., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans), were detected. But typical oral and periodontopathogenic species, such as Porphyromonas spp. (P.s gingivalis) (up to 50%), Actinomyces spp. (up to 30%) and Fusobacterium spp. (up to 30%), which do not usually cause infective endocarditis, were also found. Infective endocarditis episodes that might have been in association with a dental treatment were mainly caused by viridans group streptococci. Prophylactic measures like rinse application of chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine or essential oils, diode laser or systemic antibiotic prescription were described as decreasing the bacteraemia rate after periodontal interventions to 5-70%.
CONCLUSION
The currently recommended systemic antibiotic prophylaxis with amoxicillin before periodontal treatment in high-risk cardiovascular patients still covers the most common oral bacteria causing infective endocarditis, namely viridans group streptococci, and therefore seems adequate in this context. Since bacteraemia, not infective endocarditis, is the endpoint in most studies, the causality between bacteraemia after periodontal treatments and infective endocarditis remains difficult to elucidate. Until more evidence is available regarding this, adherence to current guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis in patients at high risk for infective endocarditis undergoing periodontal treatment remains recommended.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Periodontitis
PubMed: 34908383
DOI: 10.4414/smw.2021.w30078 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Nov 1997
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Echocardiography; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocardium; Female; Heart Valves; Humans; Prognosis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 9392342
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.36.755 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2023A man in his late 40s presented to the emergency department with generalised tiredness and breathlessness. He was a known case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease...
A man in his late 40s presented to the emergency department with generalised tiredness and breathlessness. He was a known case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and also had a recent history of COVID-19. At arrival, he was in respiratory failure. Blood culture grew , a commensal gram-positive bacterium and a primary coloniser of the human oral cavity. Echocardiogram revealed the presence of a flail mitral valve with vegetation suggestive of infective endocarditis. Although biomarkers of inflammation/infection had improved, he continued to be in cardiac failure, and hence he underwent mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve. This case is unique in many ways; the patient was young, had a history of COVID-19, had native valve infective endocarditis and presented with type 2 respiratory failure and not the usual 'typical' manifestations of infective endocarditis. He had refractory heart failure requiring early valve replacement. His blood culture grew , a rare cause for infective endocarditis.
Topics: Male; Humans; COVID-19; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocarditis; Mitral Valve; Echocardiography
PubMed: 37147107
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-254195 -
Anales de Pediatria (Barcelona, Spain :... Nov 2005
Topics: Endocarditis, Bacterial; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans
PubMed: 16266611
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Jun 2023COVID-19, an emerging disease raised as a pandemic, urgently needed treatment choices. Some options have been confirmed as lifesaving treatments, but long-term...
BACKGROUND
COVID-19, an emerging disease raised as a pandemic, urgently needed treatment choices. Some options have been confirmed as lifesaving treatments, but long-term complications must be clearly illustrated. Bacterial endocarditis is a less frequent disease among patients infected with SARS_COV_2 compared to other cardiac comorbidities in these patients. This case report discusses bacterial endocarditis as a potential adverse effect after administering tocilizumab, corticosteroids, and COVID-19 infection.
CASE PRESENTATION
In the first case, a 51-year-old Iranian female housewife was admitted to the hospital with fever, weakness, and monoarthritis symptoms. The second case is a 63-year-old Iranian woman who is a housewife admitted with weakness, shortness of breath, and extreme sweating. Both cases tested positive for Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) less than one month ago and were treated with tocilizumab and corticosteroid. Both patients were suspected of infective endocarditis. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in the blood cultures of both patients. The diagnosis of endocarditis is confirmed for both cases. Cases are subjected to open-heart surgery, a mechanical valve is placed, and they are treated with medication. In subsequent visits, their condition was reported to be improving.
CONCLUSION
Adjacent to cardiovascular inclusion as COVID-19 disease complications, secondary infection taken after the organisation of immunocompromising specialists can result in basic maladies and conditions counting infective endocarditis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Iran; COVID-19; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocarditis; Staphylococcal Infections
PubMed: 37322551
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03970-6 -
Indian Heart Journal 2022Infective endocarditis patients present very rarely with vegetations on the mural endocardium. Only very few studies are available comparing Mural infective endocarditis...
BACKGROUND
Infective endocarditis patients present very rarely with vegetations on the mural endocardium. Only very few studies are available comparing Mural infective endocarditis with commoner valvular or device related infective endocarditis.
AIM
To analyse the clinical features, microbiological profile and clinical course of mural endocarditis in comparison to valvular endocarditis.
METHODS
This was a retrospective analysis of data from a registry of infective endocarditis. Patients enrolled between April 2012 and April 2019 were included. Patients who were reported to have vegetations on the mural endocardial surface were taken as a group and compared with rest of the patients. Clinical profile, laboratory parameters including culture and outcomes were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
Out of 278 patients in the study, 15 (5.38%) had vegetations on the mural endocardium. Of them, only 4 patients had structural heart diseases. All the patients with mural endocarditis were NYHA class II or below at presentation. Ventricles were the commonest sites of vegetations. Inflammatory markers like ESR and CRP were low in mural endocarditis compared to rest. Culture positivity was high in mural endocarditis and Staphylococcus Aureus was the commonest organism. Mural endocarditis patients had similar in hospital mortality to rest of the patients. Cardiac complications were not reported in mural endocarditis, but they had similar incidence of embolic complications including neurological events.
CONCLUSION
Mural endocarditis is a rare clinical entity with similar morbidity and mortality to that of endocarditis with valvular vegetation.
Topics: Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Registries; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 35550126
DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2022.05.003 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... 2011Infective endocarditis was a fatal disease three generations ago. Temporal evolution of knowledge made possible important advances in diagnostic techniques, especially... (Review)
Review
Infective endocarditis was a fatal disease three generations ago. Temporal evolution of knowledge made possible important advances in diagnostic techniques, especially in echocardiography, the possibility of cardiac surgery during the active infectious process and new guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis before interventional procedures. Nowadays, infective endocarditis is curable. In this review, we describe historical aspects of endocarditis, from Osler's observations in the 19th century to the change from a "clinically possible" to a "clinically defined" disease.
Topics: Endocarditis, Bacterial; Eponyms; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans
PubMed: 21537712
DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302011000200023 -
Journal of Epidemiology and Global... Dec 2021Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease with complex pathology and significant mortality. Little information is known regarding clinical and microbiological...
BACKGROUND
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease with complex pathology and significant mortality. Little information is known regarding clinical and microbiological characteristics in Saudi Arabia. This study surveyed these characteristics at a Cardiac Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia over a period of 5 years.
METHODS
This retrospective study was done on all infective endocarditis (IE) patients admitted to Prince Sultan Cardiac Center between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019. Clinical characteristics, microbiological results, management, and outcomes were assessed.
RESULT
A total of 340 cases of infective endocarditis were identified over the study period. Most patients (64%) were 50 years old or above, and 67% were males. Fever was the most common clinical presentation, and a murmur was audible in a fifth of patients. Blood cultures were positive in 177 (52%) cases. The most common organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus and viridans group Streptococcus. Most common microbiological organisms causing native valve endocarditis were viridans group Streptococcus (32%) followed by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (21%), and for prosthetic valve endocarditis they were coagulase negative Staphylococcus (32%) followed by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (23%), the most common causes of culture negative endocarditis were Q-fever and brucellosis. Predisposing cardiac conditions were present in 127 (37%) patients, most commonly rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease. Surgical intervention was done in 26% of cases, with an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 6.76%.
CONCLUSION
We demonstrate the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological profile of infective endocarditis in a tertiary care cardiac center in Saudi Arabia. It gives information concerning the prevalence of responsible organisms. This information will be helpful in assessing patients with suspected IE and in planning management of cases knowing the relative frequency of types of microorganisms encountered.
Topics: Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Saudi Arabia
PubMed: 34735715
DOI: 10.1007/s44197-021-00013-5